Tuesday 25 September 2012

Class IX - Forest Society and Colonialism


Class IX - Forest Society and Colonialism

ACTIVITIES
1. Have there been changes in forest areas where you live? Find out what these changes are and why they have happened?
Ans. There have been many changes in forest areas where I live. I talked to my grandfather and came to know that most of the land that I see today as constructed area was not so always. He tells me that the hill slopes were green and covered with forests. There were lush green trees all around. One could walk through them without the sun troubling you. There was no need for fans inside houses and the windows were enough to cool you during a hot summer day. The chirping of birds and the rustling of leaves were sounds that you heard all around. But today, the green trees have been replaced by cement structures — hotels, houses,
shopping areas, parking lots, etc. The green area is decreasing and the cemented area is increasing. The hillslopes have become bare and barren. The forest cover has reduced tremendously.
This decrease in green cover has happened because of a number of reasons. I live in Nainital and feel that this change has occurred due to population rise and tourism. People are increasing in number and need to be accommodated. Secondly, tourism is gaining importance in Nainital. Hotels, shopping areas and parking lots are being made for the tourists. All these facilities require land and this can be acquired only by clearing the forest area. In addition, approach roads need to be constructed which again requires clearing of new forest land. All these factors have necessitated the clearing of forests in areas where I live.
2. Write a dialogue between a colonial forester and an Adivasi discussing the issue of hunting in the forest.
Ans. Adivasi — Namaste, Sahib.
Colonial Forester — What are you doing here?
Adivasi — Nothing, sir.
Colonial Forester — What do you mean nothing? I’m sure you have been hunting here. Come on, show me what you have hunted!
Adivasi — Sahib, you can see that I have not hunted. But tell me why can’t I hunt in this forest!
Colonial Forester — The forests are no longer your hunting grounds. If you hunt here you will be punished.
Adivasi — But Sahib, this hunting has been a customary practice since ancient days. How can you stop it?
Colonial Forester — It is no longer so now. You are prohibited by forest laws to do so.
Adivasi — But the English Sahib hunts in the forests.
Colonial Forester — Yes! he can do it. He is a British. He has come to civilise you all. The wild animals are a sign of a primitive and savage society. These animals must be killed by the white man to help you to become civilised.

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS
Q.1. Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people :
1. Shifting cultivators
2. Nomadic and pastoralist communities
3. Firms trading in timber/forest produce
4. Plantation owners
5. Kings/British officials engaged in hunting.
Ans. 
1. Shifting cultivators — Forest management had a great impact on shifting cultivators. In shifting cultivation parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. European foresters regarded this practice as harmful for the forests. They felt that such land could not be used for growing trees for railway timber and was dangerous while being burnt as it could start a forest fire. This type of cultivation also made dificult for the government to calculate taxes. The government, hence, decided to ban shifting cultivation. As a result, many
communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions.
2. Nomadic and pastoralists communities — Nomadic and pastoralist communities were also affected by changes in forest management. Their traditional customary grazing rights were taken away and their entry into the forests was restricted. Passes were issued to them which had details of their entry and exit into and out of the forests. The days and hours they could spend in the forest were also restricted. This was in contrast to the earlier system that allowed them unrestricted entry into forests. Pastoralists had to lessen the number of cattle in their herds which reduced their income. As their entry into forests was restricted they could not gather forest products. Earlier the forests were open for them and they would collect forest products and sell them. This had supplemented their income. Now they were deprived of this additional income. Some pastoralists even had to change their lifestyle, leave pastoralism and work in mines, plantations, factories. Some were branded as the ‘criminal tribes’.
3. Firms trading in timber/forest produce — Firms trading in timber products were given the sole trading rights to trade in the forest products of particular areas. They made huge profits and became richer. The entire timber and forest trade passed on to them. They became powerful and began to cut down trees indiscriminately.
4. Plantation owners — Plantation owners found that more and more forest land could be cleared for plantations. The British had made it very clear that their system of forestry would be scientific forestry, i.e., plantations. Plantation owners began to reap profits as the British government gave large areas of forest land to European planters.
5. Kings/British officials engaged in shikar — The kings/British officials engaged in shikar found that now the villagers were prohibited from entering the forests. They had the forest and wild animals to themselves. Hunting animals became a big sport for them. Thus hunting increased to such an extent that various species became almost extinct.

Q.2. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
Ans. The similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and Java were :
(i). Forest laws were enacted in Java and Bastar.
(ii) These laws restricted villagers’ access to forests.
(iii) Timber could be cut from only specified forests and under close supervision.
(iv) Villagers were punished for entering forests and collecting forest products without permit.
(v) Permits were issued to the villagers for entry into forests and collection of forest products.
(vi) Both had a forest service.
(vii) Both followed a system of forestry which was known as scientific forestry.
(viii)In both places Forest Acts meant severe hardship for villagers. Their everyday practices — cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
(ix) Constables and forests guards began to harass people.

Q.3. Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline :
1. Railways
2. Shipbuilding
3. Agricultural expansion
4. Commercial farming
5. Tea/Coffee plantations
6. Adivasis and other peasant users.
Ans. 
1. Railways — Railways contributed significantly to the decline of forests in India. Whereever railway tracks had to be laid land had to be cleared. This land was forest land. Apart from clearing area for tracks, railway locomotives required timber for fuel and sleepers. For all these needs forests had to be cut down. The British government gave contracts to individuals to supply the required quantity of timber. These individuals cut
down trees indiscriminately.
2. Shipbuilding — Oak forests in England were decreasing in number and the shipbuilding industry was in trouble. They did not have enough timber for making ships. They turned their attention towards India. Huge forest areas were cleared and the timber transported to shipbuilding yards in England. British ships were being constructed and as a consequence trees were cut down indiscriminately in India.
3. Agricultural expansion — Population was on the rise and the demand for food increased. Peasants extended the boundaries of cultivation by clearing forests. This gave them more land available for cultivation. In addition, there was great demand for cash crops such as tea, cotton, jute, sugar, etc., which were needed to feed the industries of England.
4. Commercial farming — The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The demand for these crops increased in the 19th century in Europe, where foodgrains were needed to feed the growing urban population and raw materials were required for industrial production. Hence, large tracts of forest land were cleared to make land available for commercial farming.
5. Tea/Coffee plantations — The colonial state thought that forest land was unproductive. It did not yield agricultural produce nor revenue. Large areas of natural forests were hence cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities. The colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to European planters at cheap rates. The areas were enclosed and cleared of forests and planted with tea or coffee.
6. Adivasis and other peasant users — Adivasis and other peasant users do not cut down forests except to practice shifting cultivation or gather timber for fuel. They also gather forest products and graze their cattle. This does not destroy the forests except sometimes in shifting agriculture. In fact, now the new trends that promote forest conservation tend to involve local villagers in conservation and preservation. The adivasis and other peasant communities regard the forests as their own and even engage watchmen to keep a vigil
over their forests.
Q.4. Why are forests affected by wars?
Ans. Forests are affected by wars and this often leads to deforestation. Forests during wars are freely cut to meet the needs of war. Forests are as important resource and hence during wars they are destroyed by their own country under the 'a scorched earth policy'. This prevents the enemy from using this resource. Many villagers used this opportunity to expand cultivation in the forest.

Wednesday 12 September 2012

Class X - Summative Assessment I


                                                        SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT –I
                                                                SOCIAL SCIENCE 
                                                                       Class – X
Time allowed: 3 hours                                                                  Maximum Marks: 90

General Instructions:
(i) The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1-10 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). Each
question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 31 is a map question of  4 marks from Geography only. After
completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

1. Who among the following was the pioneer of mass production in the US?                  1
(a) Henery Ford                                                (b) James Hargenvaves
(c) Martin Luther                                               (d) Mercier
OR
Who among the following was a popular music publisher whose music book's cover page 
announcing the “Dawn of the century ?                             
(a) Hasmen                                                        (b) James Hargreaves
(c) E.T. Paul                                                      (d) None of these
OR
Rent Control was introduced in Britain during the :
(a) First World War                                            (b) Second World War
(c) 1950s                                                            (d)  Never

2. Which one of the following statements is true ?                                                       1
(a) A children press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1757.
(b) Penny magazines were especially meant for men.
(c) Lending libraries had been in existence from the Seventeenth century onwards.
(d) None of the above.
OR
Who wrote “Sultanas Dream ?
(a) Rokeya Hossein                                              (b) Prem Chand
(c) Srinivas Das                                                    (d) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay


3. Which one of the following belongs to Vulnerable species ?                                    1
(a) Black Buck                                                     (b) Crocodile
(c) Indian rhino                                                     (d) Blue sheep

4. Which one of the following is not an adverse effect of dams ?                                 1
(a) Interstate water disputes.                                  (b) Excessive sedimentation of Reservoir.
(c) Displacement of population.                              (d) Flood control.

5. Hoe, dao, digging sticks are associated with :                                                        1
(a)  Primitive subsistence farming                            (b) Commercial farming
(c)  Green Revolution                                             (d) Horticulture


6. Choose the correct alternative.                                                                               1
Horizontal distribution of power is .......
(a) Sharing of power among different social groups
(b) Sharing of power among different organs of government
(c) Sharing of power among governments at different levels.
(d) Sharing of power among political parties and pressure groups

7. Which among the following states in India has a special status ?                             1
(a) Assam                                                                (b) Jharkhand
(c) Jammu and Kashmir                                            (d) Himachal Pradesh

8. Which of the following statement about “India as a secular state is incorrect ?       1
(a) Allows freedom to practice any religion
(b) There is no official religion
(c) Prohibits discrimination on religious grounds
(d) It reserves seats for religous minorities

9. Life expectancy at birth means :                                                                           1
(a) average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth
(b) average expected length of a life of a person at time of death
(c) average expected length of a child at time of birth
(d) None of above

10. The value of all goods and services produced within a country in a certain year is 
      called its :                                                                                                          1
(a) National Product                                                    (b) Net Domestic Product
(c) Gross Domestic Product                                         (d) None of these

11. Describe any three features of Bretton Woods Agreement ?                              3
OR
State any three problems faced by the cotton weavers of India.
OR
Explain any three reasons why the population of London expanded from the middle of the 18th century.
12. Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books?  Give one example each from Europe and India.                                                                                                   3
OR
Describe the ways in which the novels in India attempted to create a sense of Pan India
belonging.

13. How did print come to Europe from China? Explain                                           3
OR
Explain any three social changes in nineteenth century Britain which Thomas Hardy wrote about.
14. “Print culture created the conditions within which French revolution occurred”.  Write any three suitable arguments to support the statement.                                                                         3
OR
The Indian novel successfully showed how to be modern without rejecting tradition? Explain with the help of an example.

15. Define Soil Erosion. Mention four steps that can be taken to control soil erosion. 3

16. How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna ?  Explain.     3

17. What is a multipurpose river valley project ?  Give any four objectives of the multipurpose 
river valley project.                                                                                                   3

18. Differentiate between Prudential and Moral reasons for Power Sharing.               3

19. Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.    3
20. “Increase in income alone is not sufficient for the development of nation”. Examine the statement with three suitable points.                                                                                                 3
21. How is tertiary sector different from other sectors ?  Give examples.                    3
22. Differentiate between the sectors of economy on the basis of employment conditions.
                                                                                                                                3                                                                       
23. What were ‘Corn Laws’? How did the abolition of ‘Corn Laws’ affect the people of England
                                                                                                                                5                                                                                                                                      
OR
Describe any four impacts of Manchester imports on the cotton weavers of India.
OR
Mention any four new types of entertainment that came up in the nineteenth century England for 
the common people.

24. Many historians have argued that print culture created the conditions within which French Revolution occurred. Can we make such connection ?                                                               5
OR
Describe how the issue of caste was included in novels in India. By referring to any two novels, discuss the ways in which they tried to make readers think about existing social issues.
25. Differentiate between the Primitive subsistence agriculture and Commercial agriculture. 5

26. Describe the steps taken by Government to protect Flora and Fauna in India, how the local communities have contributed in this ?
27. How is Federalism practiced in India ?                                                                  5
28. Define Communal Politics. State different forms of communal politics with one example each. 
                                                                                                                                  5                                                                                                                
29. Define the formula used by UNDP for measuring the development of a country. How it is different from the one used by World Bank.                                                                                      5
30. “Primary sector contributes least in the GDP, provides maximum employment. Most of them are suffering from disguised unemployment.” – Explain ways by which more employment can be generated in rural areas.                                                                                                                  5

36. (a) Three features (A), (B) are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify
these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map :                                                                                                                          2+2=4
(A) Soil type
(B) Coffee producing state

(b) Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the given same political outline map of India :
(i)   Hirakund dam
(ii)  Largest rubber producing state
36B. The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of 
Map Q. No. 36                                                                                                              4
(1) On which river Hirakud dam is built ?
(2) Name the leading rubber producing state of India.
(3) Name one coffee producing state.
(4) Name the type of soil found in Jammu and Kashmir

Class IX - Summative Assessment I


                                             SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT –I
                                                        SOCIAL SCIENCE
                                                                Class – IX
Time allowed: 3 hours                                                             Maximum Marks: 90
 
General Instructions :
(i) The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1-10 are Multiple Choice Questions. Each
question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 mark questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 mark questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 120 words each.
(vi) Question number 31 is a map question of 4 mark from Geography only. After
completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

1. What is the literal meaning of “Sans-culottes ?                                                        1
(a) Those without knee breeches                                (b) The red cap
(c) Female figure of liberty                                         (d) The aristocrates

2. In which year did Nepolean Bonapart crown himself as Emperor of France ?          1
 (a) 1798             (b) 1860             (c) 1810              (d) 1804

3. What is the position of India in respect of area of the world ?                                  1
 (a) 8 th position  (b) 7 th position   (c) 6 th position    (d) 2 nd position

4. Which river of peninsular India is the largest ?                                                         1
 (a) Kaveri          (b) Godavari        (c) Mahanadi        (d) Krishna

5. Who was elected as the President of Chile in January 2006 ?                                 1
(a) Mictlle Bachelet (b) Michelle Bachelet (c) Miyelle Bachelet (d) Mich Bachelet

6. In which country, there is no democracy ?                                                             1
(a) India             (b) U.S.A.            (c) Myanmar         (d) France

7. Name  the first captain of the Indian hockey team  who was a  member of the
Constituent Assembly.                                                                                             1
(a) Baldev Singh (b) Somanth Lahiri (c) Jaipal Singh     (d) K.M. Munshi

8. People of Palampur sell milk in the near by large village named -                           1
(a) Pitampura     (b) Siliguri             (c)  Shahpur          (d) Raiganj

9. Which states in India have poor health indices and very few medical colleges ?      1
(a) Bihar, Tamil Nadu                                                  (b) Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
(c) Bihar, Uttar Pradesh                                               (d) Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

10. Which one of the following occupations comes under primary sector ?                1
(a) Forestry         (b) Industries         (c) Transport        (d) Communication

11. How did Hitler reconstruct Germany ? Explain.                                                  3
OR
Who were Radicals ? Mention any two of their major demands.                               1+2=3

12. Explain the racial policy of the Nazis. 3
OR
Describe the condition  of agriculture in Russia at the beginning of the Twentieth
century.                                                                                                                  3

13. How did Indias contact with the rest of the world contribute in the exchange of ideas
and commodities ?  Explain.                                                                                    3

14. Which group of islands of India is located in Arabian Sea ?  Write any four features 
of  these islands.                                                                                                     3

15. Differentiate between the Eastern and the Western Coastal Plains.                     1½+1½=3

16. “Lakes are of great value to human beings”. Support the statement by presenting
three meaningful points.                                                                                          3x1=3

17. Describe any three improvements made by Salvador Allende after he became the
President of Chile ?                                                                                                3x1=3

18. Distinguish beween democratic and non-democratic elections.                           1½+1½=3

19. What is meant by the words “Secular” and “Sovereign” in  the  context of Indian
Constitution.                                                                                                           1½+1½=3

20. Describe any three sources of irrigation in Palampur.                                          3x1=3

21. What is the role of health in human capital formation ?                                        3

22. What is meant by unemployment ?  Mention any two consequences of unemployment. 
                                                                                                                              1+2=3                                                                   

23. In which year did Napolean become Emperor of France ? What did he do as  a
moderniser of Europe ? When and where was he defeated.                                      5

24. Mention any five political symbols which came up during the French Revolution and 
explain their significance.                                                                                        5x1=5

25. How did the great economic depression of 1929 affect the life of the people of
Germany ?  Explain.                                                                                                5
OR
Explain the main objectives of the Russian Revolution.                                              5

26. Name any two parallel divisions of the Himalayas from North to South. Write the
characteristics of each division.                                                                                1+4=5

27. Give any five arguments in favour of Democracy.                                               5x1=5

28. What is constitution ?  Why do we need it ?  Give four reasons.                         1+4=5

29. Name the first two states to try out modern methods of farming? What methods did
the farmers follow to increase their yields.                                                                1+4=5

30. Explain the role of education in Human Capital formation ?                                 5

31. Two features (A) and (B) are marked on the given political outline map of India.
Identify these features with  help of following information and write their correct
names on the lines marked in the map.
(A) The Western Coastal Strip in North
(B) A River
AND
Locate and label the following on the same political map of India
(i) Western most meridian of India.
(ii) K2
                                                                                                                               2+2=4
31B. The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of 
Map Q. No. 31
(i) Name the latitude which divides the country in two equal parts.                             4x1=4
(ii) Name the highest peak of Karakoram range.
(iii) Name the river which has largest basin in India.
(iv) Name the Western Coastal Strip in the North of Goa.

Class X - Summative Assessment I


                                                      SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT –I 
                                                               SOCIAL SCIENCE
                                                                       Class – X
Time allowed: 3 hours                                                             Maximum Marks: 80
 General Instructions:
(i) The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1-10 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ).
Each question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these
questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 31 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After
completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

1. Why did the wheat price in India fall down by 50 per cent between 1928 and 1934 ?         1
 (a) Due to less production.                                        (b) Due to floods.
(c) Due to Great Depression.                                     (d) Due to droughts.
OR
In 1911, 67 percent of the large industries were located in which one of the following places in India ?
(a) Bengal and Bombay.                                            (b) Surat and Ahemadabad.
(c) Delhi and Bombay.                                               (d) Patna and Lucknow.
OR
Name one factor which changed the form of urbanisation in the modern world.
(a) Capitalism                                                            (b) Socialism
(c) Industrialisation                                                     (d) Unemployment

2. Which of the following reading material were especially for women ?                     1
(a) Chap books
(b) Penny magazines
(c) Grimms Fairy Tales
(d) The Bible
OR
What was the title of the first modern novel published in Malayalam ?
(a) Muktamala.                                                           (b) Indulekha.   
(c) Chandrakanta.                                                       (d) Pariksha–Guru.

3. Which one of the following soil is ideal for growing cotton ?                                    1
(a) Regur Soil                                                             (b) Laterite Soil
(c) Desert Soil                                                            (d) Mountainous Soil

4. Which one of the following is the example of endemic species ?                              1
(a) Asiatic elephant                                                     (b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Mithun                                                                  (d) Asiatic cheetah

5. On which of the following rivers is Koyena dam built?                                            1
(a) Krishna                                                                (b) Kaveri
(c) Ganga                                                                  (d) Mahanadi

6. Which of the following is an example of horizontal sharing of power ?                    1
(a) Power sharing between different states.
(b) Power sharing between different organs of the government.
(c) Power sharing between different levels of the  government.
(d) Power sharing between different political parties.

7. Which of the following government has two or more levels ?                                 1
(a) Community Government                                         (b) Coalition Government
(c) Federal Government                                               (d) Unitary Government

8. According to 2001 census what was the sex ratio in India ?                                  1
(a) 1000 males 950 females
(b) 1000 males 850 Females
(c) 1000 males 927 females
(d) 1000 males 922 females

9. Which is the correct option to fill in the blank ?                                                     1
GDP is the total value of _______ produced during a particular year.
(a) all goods and services
(b) all final goods and services
(c) all Intermediate goods and services
(d) all Intermediate and final goods and Services

10. Which of the following statements is true in respect of Public Sector ?                1
(a)  Big companies own most of the assets.
(b) Government owns the assets.
(c) A group of people owns most of the assets.
(d) An individual owns most of the assets.

11. What is referred to as G-77 countries ?  Explain.                                              3
OR
Mention any three restrictions imposed by the British government upon the Indian merchants in the 19th Century ?
OR
Describe any three steps which were taken to clean up London during 19th century.

12. How did print introduce debate and discussion? Explain any three points.         3
OR
Name one famous woman novelist in 19th century England.  Describe the different ways 
in which women novelists portrayed women.
13. What was the contribution of print culture in the growth of nationalism in India ? How did the British attempt to check them ?                                                                                        3
OR
How did novels depict the lives of peasants and low castes ?  Explain with examples from India.

14. Name the person who introduced Assembly Line Method in his car manufacturing plant. What was the impact ?                                                                                                                3
OR
Describe the changes within the process of production which led to the rise of factories in England
OR
Why the better-off city dwellers demanded that slums simply be cleared away in London.

15.“Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems.” Justify this statement.  3                                                                                                                  

16. What steps have been taken by the Government to protect flora and fauna.        3

17. Explain any three reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.                        3

18. How have Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with the question of Power Sharing differently ? 3                                                                                                                   

19. How is political expression of social divisions in democracy beneficial ?              3

20. Explain the term sustainable  development. Suggest two measures to ensure sustainable development.                                                                                                    

21. What is development ? Explain the two aspects of development.                        3

22. Which employment programme is often termed as Right to work, explain its characteristics .  3                                                                                                           

23. How did the global transfer of diseases in the pre-modern world help in the colonisation of the 
Americas ?                                                                                                             5
OR
Throw light on production during the  proto-industrialisation phase in Europe in the 17th
and 18th centuries with examples.
OR
How did the condition of women workers change from 19th to 20th century in London ?

25. Describe any four features of Indian agriculture.                                                5

26. “Now a days Multi Purpose Valley Projects are criticized for a variety of reasons.” Explain, what are these reasons ?                                                                                                      5
27. “The creation of Linguistic states was the first and major test for democratic politics in our country.”  Justify this statement.                                                                                              5

28. Mention Constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.                      5

29. Which criterion is used by the World Bank to classify the development of countries ? Is this criteria appropriate, why ?
30. Explain the role of service sector in the Indian economy.                                   5
31. (a) Two features with serial number 1 & 2 are marked on the given political map of India.  Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.                                                                                                                     2+2=4
(1) Soil type
 (2) State having largest area under permanent forest.

(b) Locate and lable the following items with appropriate symbols on the same map.
(i) Salal Dam
(ii) One tea producing state

OR
36B. The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of 
Map Q. No. 31
(A) Where is desert soil found ?
(B) On which river is Salal Dam constructed ?
(C) Which state has the largest area under permanent forest
(D) Name one tea producing state of North East.

Tuesday 11 September 2012

Class X Summative Assessment I


                                                      SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT –I
                                                                SOCIAL SCIENCE
                                                                         Class – X
Time allowed: 3 hours                                                                                      Maximum Marks: 90

General Instructions:
(i) The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1-10 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). Each question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 31 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book.
1. Which of the following powerful weapons was used by the Spanish conquerors to colonise America during the mid seventeenth century ?                                                                                                  1
(a) Conventional Military Weapons                                           (b) Modern Military Weapons
(c) Biological Weapons (Germs of small pox)                            (d) Nuclear Weapons
                                                                          OR
Where was the first Indian jute mill set up ?
(a) Bengal                (b) Bombay                    (c) Madras                     (d) Bihar
                                                                          OR
In which of the following year Bombay became the capital of the Bombay presidency ?
(a) 1819                  (b) 1850                         (c) 1872                        (d) 1880
2. The first printing press was developed by :                                                                                    1
(a) Marco Polo        (b) Kitagavva Utamaro   (c) Johann Gutenberg     (d) Erasmus
                                                                         OR
Who wrote “Sultanas Dream ?
(a) Rokeya Hossein .                                                     (b) Prem Chand
(c) Srinivas Das                                                             (d) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

3. In which of the following states is black soil found ?                                                                     1
(a) Jammu and Kashmir                                                  (b)   Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan                                                                  (d)   Jharkhand
4. What was the aim of Chipko Movement ?                                                                                   1
(a) Human rights                                                             (b)  Political rights
(c) Agriculture Expansion                                                (d)   Forest Conservation
5. Which state has made  rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state?                                                                                                                                             1
(a) Kerala                                                                      (b) Karnataka
(c) Tamil Nadu                                                               (d) Andra Pradesh

6. Choose the correct option : Power sharing is desirable because it helps :                                     1
(a) To increase pressure on government.                         (b)    To reduce possibilities of conflicts
(c) To generate awareness among people                        (d)    To increase percentage of voters

7. “Feminist movements are aimed at :-                                                                                         1
(a) Liberty                  (b) Equality                         (c) Participation                        (d) Power

8. Which one of the following countries has higher HDI rank than India ?                                        1
 (a) Sri Lanka             (b) Nepal                            (c) Bangladesh                         (d) Pakistan

9. Which one of the following is the development goal of landless rural labourers ?                          1
(a) Freedom to decide what he is able to do.         (b) More days of work and better wages.
(c) Less days of work.                                          (d) Good climate conditions.

10. Which one of the following sectors is the largest employer in India ?                                         1
(a) Primary                 (b) Secondary                    (c) Tertiary                                (d) IT sector

11. “Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange”. Justify this statement.            3
                                                                       OR
Who were Jobbers ?  Explain any two functions of them.
                                                                       OR
Why did the population of London expand from the middle of the eighteenth century ? Give three reasons.

12. Explain how print culture assisted the growth of Nationalism in India.                                      3
                                                                       OR
      How did novels make themselves relevant to young boys ?

13. Explain the role of humans in resource development.                                                              3

14. How is biological loss of forest and wildlife correlated with loss of cultural diversity ?              3

15. Why is the need for water increasing day by day ? Explain three reasons.                               3

16. How have Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with the question of Power Sharing differently ?         3

17. “We have different identities in different contexts”. Support the statement with three facts.       3

18.  What forms does communalism take in politics?                                                                    3

19. Why Kerala, has a better human development ranking than Punjab in spite of lower per capita income ?
                                                                                                                                                  3
20. Explain the concept of „human development with an example.                                              3

21. How can the workers in the unorganised sector be protected ? Explain.                                 3

22. Explain the three sectors of economic activities with the help of examples.                              3
23. What were "Corn Laws? How did the abolition of “Corn Laws affect the people of England ? 5
                                                                                  OR
“The first world war created the favourable conditions for the development of industries in India”. Support the statement with suitable examples.
                                                                                  OR
Why was the land reclamation in Bombay necessary? Mention any two land reclamation projects taken up in Bombay.

24. Describe the innovations in the Press which transformed the appearance of printed texts.             5
                                                                                 OR
Define how the novels tried to build a connection of people residing in cities with the fate of rural communities ?

25. Explain Wheat cultivation in India under the following heads.                                                       5
(i) Temperature
(ii) Rainfall
(iii) Agricultural season
(iv) Major producing areas.

26. How do social difference affect politics ? Give two examples .                                                    5

27. How is Federalism is practiced in India ?                                                                                    5

28. Explain the Historical changes in Sectors .                                                                                  5

29. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries ? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any ?                                                                                                    5

30. There is considerable underemployment in agriculture. Suggest some ways how to create more employment .                                                                                                                                  5
31. (a) Three features with serial number 1 to 2 are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify those features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the Map.                                                                                                                                  2+2=4
1.  A dam in the state of Andhra Pradesh
2.  A state having alluvial soil

(b) Locate and label the following items on the same Map.
(a) Sardar Sarovar Dam
(b) Corbett National Park
OR
36B. The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of 
Map Q. No. 36
I Name the state where Sardar Sarovar dam is built
II Name the Tiger Reserve of Assam
III Name dam located in the state of Andhra Pradesh 
IV Name the westernmost state of India having the Alluvial Soil.